提升协同效应的读后续写教学探究
南京市金陵中学 孙旭
【摘要】 本文基于读后续写协同效应的理论依据,结合平时教学中学生读后续写的共
性问题,以 2021 年南京市高三一模试题为例,试图通过引领学生挖掘阅读材料中所蕴藏的
主题意义,理清故事情节的发展脉络,关注前文的语特征,以期提升续作与前文在主
内容、语言三个方面的协同效应,最终提高学生的续作水平,输出与前文协同性高的习作。
【关键词】读后续写;协同效应;语言表达
一、研究背景
教育部考试中出读后续写新题型,要求学生阅 350 词以内的语言材料,
后根材料容、所给落开语和所标关键进行续写 150 词左右)将其
成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短(教育部考试中心,2015)。浙江
2016 年高中率先使这一型,江苏也于 2021 年高首次采用题型区别
于试题短文中未划出关键词,学生可更加自由地进行创作。读后续写考察了生的阅读
解能力、书面表达能、思维能力和学习能力,对学生的英语学科核心素养出了较高
求。学生对此题型望而生畏,在平时的学习中缺乏自信和方法,学习效果不佳。笔者在
时的读后续写教学实践和阅卷中,发现学生对于此题型主要存在以下问题:
1. 续写主题与前文不一致
好的故事一般都蕴含有一定深刻的主题,但如果“读”的不透,抓不住前文蕴含的
题,也就不能悟出作者的意图,情感态度和价值取向最终续写部分往往会隐没或偏离
文主题。有的学生续写到后根本没有一个明的主题,或在结尾处刻意安放一个“高大
上”前文一致的主题,感。更有心所毫无顾忌
传递一个扭曲的价值取向。
2.续写内容与前文不连贯
续写于“读”的后续写作“读关键。可的学生往囵吞
本,忽略多重要的,不能深解文本,最终影响了对文本面理解。
学生则欠缺“读”在有出关键信在大逻辑
故事线在续作中往往天马意创作,最终的续写内容文没有逻辑上
连贯性。
3.续写语言与前文不相符
在“读”节,学生往往会关注节,鲜有关注前文的语言特征和作者
达方在“写”节,他们一语主题现,语法结构
学生会将积累的好词好搬硬嵌入续作中,或完于自“词进行
言表达,写出的续作往往和前文的语言风格相径庭,不成一
、读后续写的协同效应
1.读后续写的理论背景
王初明(2010,297在对相互, 交互启,建相互趋
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的情式, 语意思,说话互动生的认知
协同。Atkinson etal.( 2007,171) 曾强调协同不仅发生在人之间,且还发生在
工具等互动参量之学习者在打交,
习效应在协同生。阅读时读者与所阅读材料互动也能协同效应,但此
阅读中读者与阅读材料的协的,互动是间接的, 协同效应而读后续写有
强化读者与读互动,强化读者和读情节之间的协同, 强化习作语言与读语言的
协同(王初明,2010,298)。由于学习者的理解能力总是超出其出能力,不平
平效应,高语言水平的动因。在中,理解间互
(
2014,502)。
2.读后续写协同效应的关研究
王初明为探索读后续写的语言协同效应生的,通究发现:读后
使学习者超越熟悉的内容,磨练语言表达能力出自言表达的
是促使续写与互动的基本表现方强化协同效应;读后续写学习
者学以致用,阅读中到的词语立即到续作中。读后续写的协同效应实
样板高学习者语言使用能力的平效应,学习者理解与之间著差
性(王初明,2015,759
王敏在一究中后续写中语言理解与协同效应
语使用的影响。在读后续写中,学习文的协同,以确保续写
内容和语言与连贯,协同效应在情景和语面同时存在。基于语料
们还发现:读英续英的学习者续英的会使用英语中出现过的词、
法结构,这明学习者与所读的英语文在词法结构等多面上协同。
彭红探讨读后续写写作连贯性的影响,在研究后发现:读后续写
于提高学习者写作的语言内容连贯,学习者在写作过读材料的语言表
达,用词具体,与前文故事情节保持较高连贯,而且连贯程度会
理解加深提高。此研究中协定义次,学习
互动越多,协同随之增加,平效应现,续文前文连贯
三、提升协同效应的读后续写教学
毋庸置疑,读后续存在协同效应,该效应理解出的合,
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言理解与互动增强,协提高语言理解和出的紧密度,提升
同效应,提高语言效率。为了达到最佳的语言学习效果,学生续写前后,应
帮助学生挖掘前文所蕴藏的主题意义,理清前文故事情节的发展脉络,关注前文的语
征,提升续作与前文的主题协同、内容协同和语言协同,最终输出与前文协同性高的续作。
现以 2021 年南京市高三一模英语试题为例,将协同效应的原则透到平
时的读后续写教学实践,试图提升续作与前文的协同性。该试题深情
描述了作者自在心拳师狗 Bama 逝去悲痛态,字里不透出无尽的思
合地是社区新拳师常跑到作庭院在与
,作渐走文本贴近,语言生动活。文尾也
暗揭示了人物身份各种,给学生下了足够想象空间,较容易撩起创作望。
1.挖掘主题意义,提升主题协同
主题为语言学习提主题学生对主题意义的学生学习语言
的最内容生语篇理解的、思维发展的水平和语言学习的成教育
部,2017。语言学习离不开语篇,篇不仅要有内容,其内容要围绕一定的主题,
主题篇的灵魂。续作完成后与前文构成一个完成故事语篇此续作应前文
同一个主题展开内容创作,确保主题协同。
(1)活相,感主题意义
学生在读文本前,教可以问一与主题关的问题:
Have you raised a pet?
Whats the relationship between you?
Would you like to share a story about your pet?
[设计意图]
在挖掘主题意义前,教学生的与主题经历
这对他们地理解和把握文本主题大有裨益。阅读前三个开放性的问题
起他之相关的体验和对动物的情感态度,为下面活动和情
面的准备,感文本主题。
(2)清故事大意,挖掘主题意义
求学浏览文本,根据图表要结出分的故事情节和主
的情感变化理解大意,把握故事主题。
1:故事情节的发展和主的情感变化
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Paras.1&2 Paras.3-8 Paras.9-10
plotline
Bama passed
away and
I couldnt
accept.
A new boxer
often visited
me.
New neighbors came
to me on a work
day.
emotionline
I felt sad,
depressed
and
heartbroken
.
I overcame
deep sorrow,
recovering
gradually.
I was curious
about the identity
of Tanner.
,最 PPT 1表中
Whats the theme of the text? The love
between human beings and animals.
设计意图】
学生通过,有意关注到前文故事情节线线
的主义: Bama 的一 Bama
怀
这一题。学生在读后续写的创作时,必须把握住前文主题,作者的写作意
然后围绕这个主题,在揣摩文故事情节的基上,顺利传递前文的主题思
和情感态度(建超,201843)。
2.创合理情节,提升内容协同
读后续写分标五档提出,“续写部分要与所给短融洽度高,与所提
段落开头语衔接合理”(教育部考试中心,2015)。这就要求学须充
的关键信隐含线索文的行文逻辑,同时关注续写段首的关键词,明
续写思而构思出能意义连贯的故事情节,提升内容协同。
(1)捕捉关键信,推隐含线索
学生前文出与关的实,
出合理推,为续文创作的逻辑点做准备
2:基于主要人物的合理推
Main
characters
Given information Reasonable inference
I
I felt heartbroken about my
Bamas death./I could feel the
ache in my heart lessen./Seeing
him was helping me work through
my deep sorrow.
I missed Bama and I also liked
this boxer./I overcame my
sorrow finally and would hold
a positive attitude towards my
life later.
The boxer
He came from the street./He was
well-fed and clean.He wore a
collar but had no ID. I knew he
must belong to someone in the
neighborhood./He did’t seem
lost. Just as if he were
dropping by for a visit.
He was not a wandering dog and
had an owner./He came to this
neighborhood not long ago./ He
also liked me.
Tanner and
his
grandmother
A young man and an older woman
I’d never seen before came
in./He lived up the street from
me./He and his family had
recently moved from Georgia.
They were new neighbors and
they also came from the street
like the boxer I met.
设计意图】
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提取前文的关键信为了整合的逻保证续写内容与前
文的连贯,这写创作的逻辑,也高内容协同的围绕主要人物
关信,不遗漏,有合理的推。学生最终对比狗 Tanner 合信
建立,推 Tanner 身份
(2)结合段首内容,预测故事情节
学生阅读段的,注意其中的关键词,时基于前文的隐含线
Do you happen to have a dog? I
asked. 第二段首:Not at all !Actually, he was a big help.”I said.学生
如下:
Para1: I guess Tanner would say yes and the author was so excited to find
the boxer’s owner. The author would share how she met the boxer but Tanner
felt sorry because he thought his boxer had brought some troubles to the
author.
Para 2: I guess the author would share the sad story of her Bama and showed
gratitude to Tanner for what his boxer did. After that, the two families built
a close friendship with each other and the boxer would visit the author
afterwards.
学生勾勒出续段的主要内容但也有学逻辑续写
Tanner Not at
all!”衔接不上。有学生预测最终 Tanner 准备将自给对方,以宽慰作者,这有
悖西方文。在西家庭,不可赠送他人
在学,以期给学生思维框架丰富合情合理续文内容,教
形式提问如下:
续写段 1:
Q1. What answer would I expect to get?
Q2. What would I talk to Tanner?
Q3. What did Tanner say to me then?
续写段 2:
Q4. How did Tanner’s boxer help me?
Q5. How would Tanner respond after knowing Bamas story?
Q6. Would happen between the boxer and me later?
设计意图】
Q1 Q3 环环相Q1 与续写段首句紧密衔接,核实身份Q2 Q1 续推
节发Q3 Q2 与下
下的作用Q4 段首中“a big help明对方的狗是何帮助作者的Q5
Q4 内容 Q6 此以拳师
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,同时也出了文本主题。
3.关注语言表达,提升语言协同
语言协同试在续写用读的词语表达自语言其主
表现形式试与作者互动,2015,757)。续写
地模仿使用前文语言的语言在续写表达新内容时使用前文中出现的词语,
仿前文言表达方语言,使续作继承前文的语提升
言协同。协同的语言与所理解的语一致语言输出向语
看齐
(1) 关注语言表达,感语言特征
在挖掘前文主题和续写内容,在学生写作前,提示学生
文,现作者情感流露具体动作的词表达以画拳师狗描述性语
3: 刻的语言表达
Character
s
Words and phrases Sentences
I
weep, go through, gaze out, lock
eyes, work through, go
through ...
I wiped the tears from my eyes,
heart beating wildly.
The boxer
lick, well-fed, clean, wear a
collar, have no ID, drop by, get
up , walk off...
He sniffed it eagerly, bushy
tail wagging.
They dog lay down beside my
feet, his tongue lolling in a
doggie smile.
,将前文的大具体词和主要的语法结构整理
归纳出前文的主要语言特征:前文以为主具体和短语使
活泼,感前文有三处通构这一语式来
态,面感的深情上。
设计意图】
续作要与前文在语言特征上仿,就、短语和面的表达上协同一致。
,下笔前生关注到前文的语言特征对于他们在续写时续前文的语言
前文语言使用续写的协同效应使习作的语言文的
语言看齐,致使语如果学生在表达新内语言障碍时,
使用前文中出现的词,为写作纾困王初明,2012,4)。
(2) 照评标,润色语言表达
学生续作标表 4,此
准》(2017 ),结合高考区模考试的写作分标定而
出。笔者将学生分小组,对照评标表,修改润色的语言表达,按小组
4:作文标表
(1)前文结构 with
结构续作否充分使用了前文子类的分前文
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(2):续作中的句比例与前文一致续作中的分
与前文一致续作中的修辞功能上与前文一致
(3)词:续作中否充用了前文的词和短语续作中使用的词汇是
于或出前文的词范围?
4)语言规范性:续作中存在明的语法或用词不当错误?续作中由不
英语的表达
根据学生内容要整容,如下学生的续作中非谓语结构使用过
Tanner stared at me, eyes
full of surprise. He conveyed a sense of embarrassment, eyes open wide.在对人物
使用笼统文的表达补充了一象化的词
者短语,增强画面感,如:work through, lick ,flash
设计意图】
英语学科核心素养的教学提出应以价为终结价,
价与定性合,学生和教价,
现和学习中的具体问题生通作,对前文的语言进行
致的分,在此关注语言表达的过中,语言输的协同效应强化,显著提高
了语言学习效率。
、结语
读后续写作为的结合阅读和写作的高考新题型,被证明有学、
语言学习和语言应用生在的阅读过,习
语言应用语言、提升语言表达。为了更好地应,驾驭这个写作题型
们需要与进,研究读后续写关理论,用理践,在教学实践中
究出科学的,的读后续写教学方法,逐渐提升续作与前文在主题、内容、语言
个方面的协同效应出与前文融洽度高的续作,提升学生的写作水平,提高
用能力。
考文
Atkinson,D.,T.Nishino,E.Churchill&H.Okada.2007.Alignment and interaction in a socio-
cognitive
approach to second language acquisition[ J].The Modern Language Journal 91:1689-18.
.2018.基于协同效应的读后续写教学研究和实[J].教学(中学篇),
(5):
42-46
教育部.2018.通高中英语(2017 [M].京:教育出.
教育部考试中心.2015.考试英语科考明(高考改革
试用)([M].京:高教育出.
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彭红英.2017.英语学习者写作连贯性的实研究[J].解放语学.(7);87-92
王初明.2010.互动协同与语教学[J].语教学与研究,7:297-299
王初明.2012.读后续写——提高语学习效率的一有效方法[J].,(5):2-7
王敏 王初明.2014.读后续写的协同效应[J].现,(8):501-512
.2015.[J].9
753-762
附录:
阅读下面材料
,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段
,
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It had been a few months since our beloved boxer Bama had passed away. He’d lived a
good, long life. Alan and I didn’t have children. Our boxer was our baby. After Bama’s death, we
couldn’t bring ourselves to go through his toys to decide what to keep, so we put them all in the
basement. I told myself I’d do it when I was ready. Apparently, I still wasn’t.
Now I sat in my yard and wept. Friends and family had suggested we get another dog, but
Alan and I dismissed the idea. We couldn’t go through that kind of heartbreak again.
I gazed out over the yard. Across the street was a dog. A boxer. I wiped the tears from my
eyes, heart beating wildly. Was he real or just my wishful imagination? I took a second look. The
boxer was still there. We locked eyes. He ran across the street, straight toward me. I offered my
hand. He sniffed it eagerly, bushy tail wagging. He licked me.
This dog was younger than Bama, smaller. He was well-fed and clean. He wore a collar but
had no ID. I knew he must belong to someone in the neighborhood, but I’d never seen another
boxer around.
They dog lay down beside my feet, his tongue lolling in a doggie smile. He didn’t seem lost.
Just as if he were dropping by for a visit.
Alan!” I called. “You have to come see this!”
Alan joined me, and we sat together silently for a moment. Then the boxer got up and
walked off. In the following days, he’d sometimes appear in the backyard when Alan and I were
outside. Other times, he’d wait for us on the front porch.
With each visit, I could feel the ache in my heart lessen. Seeing him was helping me work
through my deep sorrow.
At work one day, a young man and an older woman I’d never seen before came in. I took
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down the man’s address to complete some paperwork and noticed he lived up the street from me.
His name was Tanner. The woman with him was his grandmother. He and his family had
recently moved from Georgia.
注意:续写词应为
150
左右。
Do you happen to have a dog?” I asked.______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Not at all! Actually, he was a big help.” I said.________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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