*
——— “ ”
1 1 2 3
1. 210005 2. 235300 3.
210017
“ ” “ ”
.
O122.1 A 1003-6407 2021 08-0029-07
、 、
.
、 、
.
. “ ”
“ ” “ ”
“ ”
“ ”
.
. “ ”
.
1
1.1
“ ”
“ ” .
1 .
1. f x
=
ln x
-
x
+
1 .
2. f x
=
e
x
-
x
-
2 1 2
3. f x
=
lg
x
+
x
-
3
1 2 2 3 3 4
2 .
1. .
2. f x
=
0
y
=
f x
y
=
f x
.
3.
y
=
f x a b
y
=
f x
x
0
∈
a b
f x
=
0 .
f x f x
.
、
.
.
.
·92·
2021 8
*
2020-12-10 2021-01-10
“ ” 2018 L /2018 /235 “ ” 2017
2017NJJK12-L12
1982— .
“ ” 3
.
“
” .
.
1.2
“
.”
.
“ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ” .
1 .
1 f x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1
x k
∈
R . x
∈
e e
2
f x <4ln x
k .
1
k >
-
4ln
x
x
+
ln
x
-
1
e e
2
.
g x
= -
4ln x
x
+
ln x
-
1
k>g x
max
.
g' x
=
4ln x
+
x
-
4
x
2
φ
x
=
4ln x
+
x
-
4
φ
x e e
2
φ
x
min
=
φ
e
=
e>0
g' x >0 e e
2
g x e e
2
k>g x
max
=
g e
2
=
1
-
8
e
2
.
2
φ
x
φ
x
=
4 ln x
-
1
+
x
φ
x >0 e e
2
.
、
0
.
.
.
1 .
1 k >
-
4ln
x
x
+
ln
x
-
1
e e
2
k>
-
4ln x
x
+
ln x
-
1
( )
max
.
g x
= -
4ln x
x
+
ln x
-
1
g' x
=
4ln x
+
x
-
4
x
2
=
4 ln x
-
1
x
2
+
1
x
x
∈
e e
2
g' x >0 g x e e
2
g x
max
=
g e
2
=
1
-
8
e
2
k
1
-
8
e
2
+
∞
( )
.
、
、 .
、 、 .
4
5 .
f x <4ln x e
≤
x
≤
e
2
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x<0
G x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x
G x
max
<0.
G' x
=
ln
x
-
k
-
4
k
G″ x
=
1
x
+
4
x
2
>0 e
e
2
G' x e e
2
G' x .
5 4
5 .
……
6 G' x
k G' x
G' x k .
.
·03·
2021 8
G' x k
7
.
2 .
2 f x <4ln x e
≤
x
≤
e
2
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x<0
ln x
-
k
-
1
-
4ln x
x
<0 e e
2
. g x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1
-
4ln x
x
g x
max
<0.
g' x
=
4 ln x
-
1
+
x
x
2
g' x >0 e e
2
g x e e
2
g x
max
=
g e
2
=
1
-
k e
2
-
8<0
k>1
-
8
e
2
k
1
-
8
e
2
+
∞
( )
.
.
7
.
8
.
3 .
3 f x <4ln x e
≤
x
≤
e
2
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x<0 .
G x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x
G e <0
G e
2
<0
{
k>1
-
8
e
2
.
“ ” .
“ ”
.
.
.
8
8 G x
max
G e
G e
2
G e <0
G e
2
<0
{
.
f x <4ln x e
≤
x
≤
e
2
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x<0
G x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
-
4ln x
G x
max
<0.
G' x
=
ln x
-
k
-
4
x
G″ x
=
1
x
+
4
x
2
>0
G' x e e
2
.
e e
2
G x
x
0
∈
e e
2
G x e x
0
x
0
e
2
G x
max
=
max G e G e
2
G e <0
G e
2
<0
{
.
. 、
、
.
、 .
0
.
2 .
2 f x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1 x k
∈
R . x
∈
1
e
e
[ ]
f x >ln x
k .
、 .
9 1
.
1 .
1 k <
-
ln
x
x
+
ln x
-
1
1
e
e
[ ]
. g x
= -
ln x
x
+
ln x
-
1
·13·
2021 8
k<g x
min
g' x
=
x
+
ln x
-
1
x
2
h x
=
x
+
ln x
-
1
h' x
=
1
+
1
x
>0
h x
1
e
e
[ ]
. h 1
=
0
1
∈
1
e
e
[ ]
1
e
<x<1 h x <0 g' x <0
g x
1
e
e
[ ]
1<x<e h x >0
g' x >0 g x 1 e
g x
min
=
g 1
= -
1
k<
-
1 k
-
∞
-
1
.
g' x
9 x
+
ln x
-
1
=
0
h 1
=
0 h x
.
10 y
=
x
-
1 y
=
ln x
1 0 h x
=
x
+
ln x
-
1 1.
11 8 .
2 .
2 f x >ln x
ln x
-
ln x
x
-
k
-
1>0
G x
=
ln x
-
ln x
x
-
k
-
1
1
e
≤
x
≤
e
( )
G x
min
>0.
G' x
=
ln x
+
x
-
1
x
2
h x
=
ln x
+
x
-
1
h' x
=
1
x
+
1>0
h x
1
e
e
[ ]
h 1
=
0
G x
1
e
1
[ ]
1 e
G x
min
=
G 1
= -
k
-
1
k<
-
1 k
-
∞
-
1
.
12 F x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1
x
-
ln
x
1
e
≤
x
≤
e
( )
F x
min
> 0
F' x
=
ln x
-
1
x
-
k
F″ x
=
1
x
+
1
x
2
>0
F' x
1
e
e
[ ]
.
F'
1
e
( )
= -
1
-
e
-
k
F' e
=
1
-
1
e
-
k
F'
1
e
( )
<F' e .
k k F' x
k
2
13
F e >0
F
1
e
( )
>0
{
k<
-
1
e
k .
1
e
e
[ ]
13 F e F
1
e
( )
F x
.
14 F 1 > 0
.
15 3.
3 .
3
F e >0
F
1
e
( )
>0
F 1 >0
k<
-
1 k
-
∞
-
1 .
F x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1
x
-
ln
x
·23·
2021 8
1
e
≤
x
≤
e
( )
F x
min
> 0.
F' x
=
ln x
-
1
x
-
k F' e
=
1
-
1
e
-
k > 0 k
∈
-
∞
-
1
e
( )
F'
1
e
( )
1 F'
1
e
( )
>0 k<
-
1
-
e F' x > 0
F x
1
e
e
[ ]
F x
min
=
F
1
e
( )
= -
2
-
k
1
e
+
1>0
k<e
-
2
k<
-
1
-
e.
2 F'
1
e
( )
<0 F' x
1
e
e
[ ]
x
0
F' x
0
=
0
k
=
ln x
0
-
1
x
0
.
F' x
1
e
e
[ ]
x
∈
1
e
x
0
[ ]
F' x <0 F x
1
e
x
0
[ ]
x
∈
x
0
e F' x >0 F x x
0
e
F x
min
=
F x
0
=
ln x
0
-
k
-
1
x
0
-
ln
x
0
>0
k
+
1<ln x
0
-
ln
x
0
x
0
1
k
=
ln x
0
-
1
x
0
1
ln x
0
+
x
0
-
1<0
.
φ
x
=
ln
x
+
x
-
1
φ
' x
=
1
x
+
1>0
φ
1
=
0 ln x
0
+
x
0
-
1<0
1
e
1
[ )
k
=
ln
x
0
-
1
x
0
1
e
1
[ )
-
1
-
e
≤
k<
-
1.
k
-
∞
-
1 .
15 .
1
2 .
“ ”
.
、
、 .
3 .
16 ln x
0
+
x
0
-
1<0
.
3.
3 f x
=
ln x
-
k
-
1 x
x
∈
2
+
∞
f x >
-
2x
-
2
k
k ln 8
≈
2.08 ln 9
≈
2.20
ln 10
≈
2.30 .
3
17 k
.
k<
x
+
xln x
x
-
2
x>2 h x
=
x
+
xln x
x
-
2
k < h x
min
h' x
=
x
-
2ln
x
-
4
x
-
2
2
v x
=
x
-
2ln x
-
4 . x
-
2ln x
-
4
=
0 2 .
y
=
2ln x y
=
x
-
4 2
+
∞
.
v x
h x
min
18 v x 2
+
∞
x
0
v x
h x
min
=
h x
0
=
x
0
+
x
0
ln x
0
x
0
-
2
.
. x
0
∈
8 9 h x
0
.
19 v x
0
=
0
·33·
2021 8
ln x
0
=
1
2
x
0
-
2
.
20 2
=
1
2
x
0
-
ln
x
0
.
.
1 .
1 k<
x
+
xln x
x
-
2
2
+
∞
h x
=
x
+
xln x
x
-
2
k < h x
min
.
h' x
=
x
-
2ln x
-
4
x
-
2
2
v x
=
x
-
2ln x
-
4
v' x
=
x
-
2
x
>0
v x 2
+
∞
.
v 8
=
8
-
2ln 8
-
4
=
4
-
2ln 8<0
v 9
=
5
-
2ln 9>0
v x 2
+
∞
v x 8 9 x
0
v x
0
=
0
x
0
-
2ln x
0
-
4
=
0.
x
∈
2 x
0
h' x < 0 x
∈
x
0
+
∞
h' x >0
h x
min
=
h x
0
=
x
0
+
x
0
ln x
0
x
0
-
2
.
ln x
0
=
1
2
x
0
-
2
h x
0
=
x
0
+
x
0
ln x
0
x
0
-
2
=
x
0
+
x
0
1
2
x
0
-
2
( )
x
0
-
2
=
x
0
2
x
0
∈
8 9 h x
0
∈
4
9
2
( )
k
4.
x
0
.
.
21 2
.
2 .
2 xln x
+
x>k x
-
2
x>2 g x
=
xln x
+
x x>2
t x
=
k x
-
2 . g' x
=
ln x
+
2>0
g″ x >0 2
+
∞
g x 2 0 k
0
k
. x
0
y
0
y
0
=
x
0
ln x
0
+
x
0
y
0
=
k
0
x
0
-
2
k
0
=
2
+
ln x
0
{
2ln x
0
-
x
0
+
4
=
0
k
0
=
2
+
ln x
0
=
x
0
2
.
m x
=
2ln
x
-
x
+
4
m' x
=
2
x
-
1<0 x>2
m x 2
+
∞
x
0
∈
8 9 k
0
=
x
0
2
∈
4
9
2
( )
k 4.
21
k .
21
“ ” .
. 1
.
、
.
1.3
22 .
.
23
“ ” .
·43·
2021 8
24
.
……
.
.
1.4
.
4 f x
=
xe
-
x
x
1
x
2
x
1
<x
2
f x
1
=
f x
2
. 2x
1
+
x
2
>e.
2
2.1 “ ”
“ ”
.
“ ”
.
.
“ ”
“ ” “ ”
、 .
2.2 “ ”
.
、 .
.
.
0 0
.
.
、
.
1 . M .
2016.
2 .
2017 S .
2018.
·53·
2021 8